M-Command
X m-commands Y if and only if the first maximal projection that dominates X also dominates Y and X does not dominate Y.
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Manner of Articulation
How airflow is obstructed in the articulation of a sound. (phonology)
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Markedness Constraints
The constraints that require output forms to be typologically unmarked. (phonology)
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Matrix Clause
A clause that is not dominated by any other clause. (syntax)
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Mesolect
The middle register of a language; a colloquial dialect. In pidgins and creoles, a form of the language equally influenced by the substrate and the superstrate. (sociolinguistics)
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Metathesis
Reordering of sound segments. (phonology)
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Minimalist Program
A model of language structure that tries to eliminate redundant principles and constraints found in Government and Binding and X-Bar theory. It employs Bare Phrase Structure (BPS) and two major operations: copy and merge. These two operations amount to move. (Syntax)
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Mirror Principle
This principle, from Baker (1985), states that the morpheme order, starting from the root and moving outwards, reflects syntactic hierarchy. (syntax)
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Monomorphemic
Containing only one morpheme. (morphology)
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Mood
The set of grammatical categories that express speech acts and the speaker’s attitude to an event. (semantics)
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