I-Language (Internal Language)
Similar to competence, this is the mental object that should be the focus of linguistic theory. (general)
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Iconicity
There is a conceptual correspondence between a linguistic form and its meaning or function. (morphology)
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Idiom
A phrase or sentence whose meaning is not compositional (semantics).
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IL
See “Interlanguage.” (language acquisition)
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Illative Case
A case morpheme that marks its noun as something that is being entered by another entity. (morphology, syntax)
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Illocutionary Act
An act that is performed by saying something. For example, by saying “I promise to send you a Christmas card,” the speaker makes a promise. (pragmatics)
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Immediate Dominance
A node immediately dominates the nodes just below it. (syntax)
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Imperative
Order or suggest. (semantics)
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Imperfective Aspect
An action is viewed as having internal structure. (semantics)
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Implicational Universals
Implicational universals are linguistic universals that relate a property of a language to another property. The existence of one property serves as the precondition for the other. An example is Greenberg’s Universal 3: ‘Languages with dominant VSO order are always prepositional.’ (typology)
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